208.implement-trie-prefix-tree


208. 实现 Trie (前缀树)

实现一个 Trie (前缀树),包含 insertsearch, 和 startsWith 这三个操作。

示例:

Trie trie = new Trie();

trie.insert("apple");
trie.search("apple");   // 返回 true
trie.search("app");     // 返回 false
trie.startsWith("app"); // 返回 true
trie.insert("app");   
trie.search("app");     // 返回 true

说明:

你可以假设所有的输入都是由小写字母 a-z 构成的。 保证所有输入均为非空字符串。

解法一

class Trie:

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Initialize your data structure here.
        """
        self.root = {} 
        self.end_of_word = "#"

    def insert(self, word: str) -> None:
        """
        Inserts a word into the trie.
        """
        node = self.root
        for char in word:
            node = node.setdefault(char, {}) 
        node[self.end_of_word] = self.end_of_word

    def search(self, word: str) -> bool:
        """
        Returns if the word is in the trie.
        """
        node = self.root
        for char in word:
            if char not in node:
                return False
            node = node[char]
        return self.end_of_word in node


    def startsWith(self, prefix: str) -> bool:
        """
        Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix.
        """
        node = self.root
        for char in prefix:
            if char not in node:
                return False
            node = node[char]
        return True


# Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = Trie()
# obj.insert(word)
# param_2 = obj.search(word)
# param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix)
class Trie {

    class TrieNode {
        public char val;
        public boolean isWord;
        public TrieNode[] children = new TrieNode[26];
        public TrieNode(){}
        TrieNode(char c) {
            TrieNode node = new TrieNode();
            node.val = c;
        }
    }

    private TrieNode root;

    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public Trie() {
        root = new TrieNode();
        root.val = ' ';
    }

    /** Inserts a word into the trie. */
    public void insert(String word) {
        TrieNode ws = root;
        for(int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
            char c = word.charAt(i);
            if (ws.children[c - 'a'] == null) ws.children[c - 'a'] = new TrieNode(c);
            ws = ws.children[c - 'a'];
        }   
        ws.isWord = true;
    }

    /** Returns if the word is in the trie. */
    public boolean search(String word) {
        TrieNode ws = root;
        for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
            char c = word.charAt(i);
            if (ws.children[c - 'a'] == null) return false;
            ws = ws.children[c - 'a'];
        }
        return ws.isWord;
    }

    /** Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix. */
    public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
        TrieNode ws = root;
        for(int i = 0; i < prefix.length(); i++) {
            char c = prefix.charAt(i);
           if (ws.children[c - 'a'] == null) return false; 
           ws = ws.children[c - 'a'];
        }
        return true;
    }
}

/**
 * Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * Trie obj = new Trie();
 * obj.insert(word);
 * boolean param_2 = obj.search(word);
 * boolean param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix);
 */